Ethnographic: Teen Pregnancy

Teen pregnancy is when an adolescent male and female from the pubescent age to twenty years old, which are involved In sexual activity that results in the female becoming pregnant. Whether the pregnancy Is continued or terminated, the child Is keep with parents or given up for adoption and whether or not the parties Involved where married. Interviewer Targets: Teen Mothers Teen Fathers Open-Ended Questions: 1) At what age did you partake in sexual activities? And at what age did you get pregnant? 2) Why did you choose not to abstain? 3) What role did your self-esteem play in your decision to have sex? How did your social relationships with friends, family, and the opposite sex play in the determining fact of your choice to have sex? 5) Did your parents/guardians discuss sex, sexual activities, prevention and SST with you? Did those conversations have an effect on your decision to continue or to stop all sexual acuity? 6) In your relationship, who was the person concerned about preven tion and protection? 7) How did teen pregnancy affect your life? 8) Considering everything, what do you think are the disadvantages to having a baby now instead of waiting until you were older? How did being a teen parent impact your life goals before the pregnancy? 10) What are some steps you will take in the future to help your child prevent teen pregnancy? 1 1) How did your social relationships change? 12) How has the opinions and assumptions of others effect you? Ethnographic Style: The ethnographic style completed on this paper is done through theory and method. The theory Is addressing the concern of the specific social problem of teen pregnancy In the modern society versus the same problem In the united States past generations.The method Includes different research tools, open-ended question Interviews and participant observation, research design of community studies and data presentation the use of select quotes, fieldwork and statistical research found. Teen Pregnancy of â €Å"Epidemic Proportion† Teen pregnancy is an adolescent male and female, from the pubescent to twenty years old, who are involved in sexual activity that result in the female becoming pregnant. Whether the pregnancy is continued or terminated, the child is kept with parents or given up for adoption and whether or not the parties involved where married.The assumption that teen pregnancy is 100% preventable, adolescences re participating in sexual activity at younger ages than in past generations, and that the underline reason teens are choosing to participate in sexual activity is not addressed. These assumptions only initiate the need for purpose of this social problem to be address by understand the underline reason teen pregnancy is occurring, researching methods that will better prevent teen pregnancy and to better understand the reasons and the affects of teen pregnancy for both sexes. The assumption and purpose of this paper will be presented through the ethnographic st yle.The ethnographic style completed on this paper is done through theory and method. The theory is addressing the concern of the specific social problem of teen pregnancy in the modern society versus the same problem in the United States past generations. The method includes different research tools, open-ended question interviews and participant observation, research design of community studies and The ethnographic style is broken down through the assumption, purpose, target interviewees, open-ended question responses that were collected and the data research of statistical research documented and collected by past researchers.

Business arena Essay

Recent years have demonstrated that a lack of unity exists within the business arena compared to the synergistic methods in which trade unions execute their policies. This must be considered another of the drawbacks of the existence of interest groups. This has resulted in costly political campaigning for Australian businesses (Bell, 0000). The number of organisations that attempt to represent their interests at the political level has become such a complex and tangled web that it is often unprofitable for to do business in such a scene (Matthews). Such action often bring great expense and yet offer little real guarantee of success (Coutskorais, 0000, p. 80). Such organisations in Australia as the Minerals Council of Australia (which represents the particular industry) and Surfer’s Paradise Chamber of Commerce (which represents regional membership) exist for the profitable purpose of (among other things) promoting competition among businesses and the consequent improvement of policies (Matthews, 0000, 75) Despite the clear benefits that interest groups can provide, some drawbacks do exist when one considers their impact on the politics of a country. It is usually necessary to be careful that certain interest groups do not become too powerful and end up coercing government to adversely affect policy changes (Apollonio & Bero, 2007). The two Australian interest groups previously mentioned are cases in point, as they represent very powerful organizations that have at least a large potential to urge the implementation of any of the policies they devise. Care must be taken that the policies they advocate really do consider the interest of the public. One major reason why such care must be taken is the fact that these interest groups are never guaranteed to possess equity in their actions. Because they take a particular stand on an issue, their interest is likely to exclude the interest of several others who have opposing views. Furthermore, interest groups have the general privilege of making donations to political parties. This is a lobbying technique that has been around for decades, but may give a political edge to such groups that have the greatest means of funding such campaigns (2007). Some interest groups have outsider status, and this means that they attempt to influence policy by altering public opinion (Evans, year. p. 84). Such groups may prove both beneficial and detrimental to the politics of a country. The detriment comes where such groups falsify or misrepresent information to the public in order to convince them (and their political candidates) to act in the behalf of the group. One group which has historically been seen in this light is the tobacco industry-front group. According to researchers Appollonio & Bero, â€Å"The tobacco industry has a history of misrepresenting scientific evidence† (2007, p.419). The researchers go on to point out that the industry has created what seems to be an unaffiliated interest group which presents â€Å"its antiregulation agenda as an expression of popular will, and allowed industry lobbyists access to policymakers who were otherwise unwilling to work with them† (2007, p. 419). This presents a very unfavourable view of political interest groups. However, positive effects of this attempt to influence the public may occur in the form of debates between/among opposing groups, through which the public becomes more informed about the policies being advocated by each. Furthermore, since each group represents a social movement made up of people who share values and see eye to eye on certain matters of concern, these groups provide a forum or network of communication that has the potential to provide a series of checks and balances amongst themselves and within the government (Marsh, 2000). Overall, the action groups that exist within Australia to lobby for the interests of the people have a predominantly positive impact on the Australian society. Such organizations as the Boy’s Club, Gay rights, and animal liberation groups offer protection and a voice for these minorities in the decision-making sectors of the government. Such groups also speak for such issues as gun control, military disarmament, and the protection of the environment. These interest groups possess the expertise and the experience to speak persuasively in the behalf of their interests, and also have the ability to aid in the execution of policies once they have been adopted by the political bodies. The media has the positive effect of promoting the accountability of the government, and of other businesses that my have formed ties with members of the government. However, the highly structured and powerful nature of certain interest groups, while they have the power to get things done within the government, also have the power to wrongly influence the government on their behalf. It is therefore necessary to take care in the freedom with which such groups are allowed to act. References van Acker, E. & Curran, G. (eds. ) 2004, Governing Business and Globalisation, (2nd edn. ) Pearson, Frenchs Forest. Ang, J & C. Boyer. 2007, â€Å"Finance and politics: the wealth effects of special interest group influence during the nationalisation and privatisation of Conrail. † Cambridge Journal of Economics. vol. 31, no. 2, pp 193-216. Apollonio, D. E. & L. A. Bero. 2007, â€Å"Finance and politics: the wealth effects of special interest group influence during the nationalisation and privatisation of Conrail. † American Journal of Public Health. vol. 97, no 3, pp 419-428. BCA. (2007). â€Å"Our Structure. † Business Council of Australia. Melbourne, VIC. Retrieved on May 8, 2007 from http://www. bca. com. au/Content. aspx? ContentID=100827 Hague, R. M. Harrop, S. Breslin. 1994, Political Science: A Comparative Introduction. St. Martin Press, New York. Gray, V. & D. Lowery. 2000, Population Ecology of Interest Representation : Lobbying Communities in the American States. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. Greenemeier, L & J. N. Hoover. 2007, â€Å"Advocacy, Inc. † InformationWeek. no. 1121, pp 38-46. Hollander, R. â€Å"Name of Chapter or Essay. † (2006). Eccleston, R, Williams, P. & Hollander, R. (Eds. ). Foundations of Australian Politics. Pearson Education, Sydney. Marsh, I. 2000, â€Å"Gaps in Policy-making capacities; interest groups, social movements, think tanks and the media. † in M. Keating, J. Wanna & P. Weller (eds. ) Institutions on the Edge: Capacity for Governance. Allen & Unwin, St Leonard’s. Parkin, A, Summers, J. & Woodward, D. (eds. ) 2006, Government, Politics, Power and Policy in Australia, (8th ed. ) Pearson, French’s Forest. Chapter 17. Singleton, G et al. 2006, Interest Groups’ in Australian Political Institutions. 8th edn. Pearson, French’s Forest.. Ward, I. & R. G. Stewart. 2006, Ch. 12, ‘Pressure Groups and Social Movements’ in Politics One, 3rd edn. , Palgrave. Macmillan, South Yarra. Weitzel, P. 2004, â€Å"Joining with non-media organization can help win access battle. † The Quill. vol. 92, no 7, pp 20-21.

Black Women in Novels

Describes compares racist misogynist mistreatment of black women in Wallace Thurmans The Blacker the Berry, Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye. This study will analyze the images of black women as presented in three novels, Wallace Thurmans The Blacker the Berry, Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God, and Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye. The study will focus on what the female characters think of themselves and what society thinks of them (and black male characters) in terms of their skin color. This consideration will include the differences between dark- and light-skinned characters in terms of their interpersonal and social experiences. The thesis of the study will be that, despite these differences, the overall messages of the three novels is that it is a tragedy that human beings are judged according to their skin color, and it is an even greater tragedy when people are judged by the members of their own race because of skin color.

Edward abbey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Edward abbey - Essay Example Abbey attended University of Mexico in 1951, where he did B.A. in Philosophy and English and also completed his masters in Philosophy. Abbey’s writings are inspired from his life experiences. Desert Solitaire, published in 1968, which is considered one of the best narratives in nature writing, tells about Abbey’s experience in Utah where he worked as a ranger. Abbey’s writings are not only engaging and entertaining but they also serve as a wake-up call for the conservation of nature. Abbey’s long list of essays and books include Jonathon Troy, Fire on the Mountain, Black sun but the book that earned him the greatest acclaim was ‘The Monkey Wrench Gang’ which was published in 1975. The book coined the word ‘monkey wrenching’ which meant to sabotage for the defense of environment. It is also speculated that the book inspired the formation of the militant group ‘Earth First’ (Cahalan). His orneriness over environmental i ssues made Abbey a hero among the activists of his time. This protagonist of radical environmentalism died at the age of 62 and was buried in the state of Arizona. Works Cited Cahalan, James M. Edward Abbey: A Life . University of Arizona Press; , 2001. Print

Explain how the Current Justice Model has Replaced the Medical Model Research Paper

Explain how the Current Justice Model has Replaced the Medical Model of Earlier Years Relative to Corrections - Research Paper Example All efforts of the society should be directed to arrest one’s downward march to destruction to be replaced by an upward march making one a worthy individual and citizen. The question is, how do we do this? What sort of circumstances and mind-set pushes an individual onto the track of self and societal destruction? How an individual can free himself from the evil tendencies and negativities? How to lead a criminal to the path of willing acceptance for shaping as a lawful citizen? Normally an intensely shattered personality lies within the prison environment and one’s psyche needs constant care. The society does not easily allow the friendly assimilation of an acquitted or reformed prison inmate. Whether guilty or not guilty, the prison stamp remains forever. One important question incidentally—does the reformation measures bring rich dividends for the jail administration and contribute to the improvement of prison discipline and create a relaxed atmosphere amongst the prison community? How to mitigate the most systematic suppression caused to the spirit and freedom of an individual from the day of capture, and in the course of his encounters with the police, administration and the slow-moving justice system? Moreover, all laws, just because they are the laws of the land, are not faultless aphorisms. A difficult law implemented in a worst manner is the ultimate calamity for the prisoner. Any method, any procedure, must aim to change the criminal thought process of a prisoner. The wise saying goes, when the thoughts are changed, the mind is changed; when the mind is changed, the man is changed; when the man is changed the society is changed. Society created a bad individual and sent him to the prison; the ultimate gift to the society is a reformed individual, who will not revert to criminality again! Harsh punishments can never usher in an era of a crime-free society; dedicated reformation and rehabilitation measures,

Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project - Essay Example It is also important to note that some motors produce immense output power, but cannot be efficient enough. It is under such conditions that people make use of H Bridge in the efficient control of the Motors’ direction. Project Fundamentals An H-bridge circuit refers to a power circuit that is electric, and used in the control of electric motors like DC motors used in automotive applications. The H-bridge functions in controlling the direction and speed of the motor by allowing a limited amount of current to flow in the motor through the right direction (Barrett, 2012). It is made up of four MOSFETs, which are under the control of control signals of the (PWM) Pulse Width Modulation. The original design of the DC motor control incorporates Multisim LabVIEW co-simulation that permits the performance of the entire system to be authenticated on the desktop. The motor has such parameters as inductance, the load weight, and armature resistance for accurate verification of the result s of the performance. The use of a multisim-labVIEW co-simulation ensures that one shall not have to digital and analog systems separately. During the implementation stage of the model, the circuitry of the analog can be transferred for photocopying to the Ultiboard. Such a transition between the Ultiboard and Multisim makes sure that there is a precise convey of simulated designs. The graphical code of control is moved to a Single Board Rio 9695 target. This is usually an acquisition device and an embedded control that puts together a FPGA that is user-reconfigurable, a real time processor, and input or output of printed circuit board. The four MOSFETs needed in designing a H-bridge can be demonstrated with the diagram below. Two of the MOSEFETs should be of P channel (IRF9540N), while the other two should be of N channel (IRF540N). They should be designed in such a way that the motor’s rotation is controlled through an on-off-on switch. The motor’s closed-loop contro l starts through inputs that are user-defined such as the necessary step size and speed. This message is resent to the Multisim design through the co-simulation terminals. Negotiations between labVIEW and Muiltisim occur as a guarantee in conversation and accuracy for both sides. In case of abrupt drops or peaks in Multisim, negotiation in time-step allows Multisim to alter the available time-step to view the drops and peaks. A point by point model between digital systems and analog circuits results to an advanced system both in accuracy and behavior. Once the verification of the system design has been made with Multisim and labVIEW co-simulation, the complete circuit can be moved to Ultiboard for routing and layout. List of Components The list of components used in the circuit includes: MOSFET P Channel (IRF9540N) – 2 MOSFET N Channel (IRF540N) – 2 Motor – DC 6 volts Battery – 9 volts Switch – 1 Connecting Wires and Strip Board Controlling the Mot or The control of the motor is done through the two ways switch connected to Q1 and Q3 of the circuit. If a signal is sent to Q1the motor is stimulated to move in a forward direction, while on the other hand, if a signal is sent to q3 the motor is stimulated run in a reverse direction. It is never possible to sent signals to both Q1 and Q3at the same time because of the use of on off on switch. This can be summarized using the following table: Q1 Q3 Stop 0

The Road to the Business of Chiquita Brands International Case Study

The Road to the Business of Chiquita Brands International - Case Study Example This research will begin with the statement that the 21st century has been a period of globalization in which business organizations have developed new strategies to venture in new market environments. The international business environment is characterized by many challenges and organizations have to be prepared to meet the international business standards to meet the demands of this business niche. For Chiquita Brand’s International, the road to the international business market has between rough and challenging. When Chiquita landed in Ghana, the company blossomed and found this to be a new opportunity to increase its business revenue. In fact, the organization managed to make tens of millions in profit from its Columbia banana plantations. However, the company was faced by the terrorist culture that had developed controlled the banana industry for long. When the Guerrilla war in Columbia begun, Chiquita was forced to adopt new tactics of survival in this market. When the R evolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia started a war in Columbia, the Chiquita legal officer took the initiative to pay the counter-FARC, the AUC, to protect the organization against attack. It is this initiative that made Chiquita face the US legal system that regarded AUC as terrorist body. The company was accused of collaborating with terrorist an act that was against the US legal system. The organization had to negotiate its way out this problem. Chiquita International negotiated from this legal lawsuit by pleading guilty of collaborating with the terrorist. In 2007, the organization entered a plea agreement in which the organization accepted to have been involved in financial dealings with terrorist groups. This strategy of negotiation of the Chiquita had a lot of value. All organizations that are found guilty of collaborating with terrorist attacks are fined double its income in compliance with the legal policy. However, Chiquita was allowed to a penalty relief for having admit ted to the crime before investigation. This step also was a great advantage to Chiquita’s council advisor, Mr Olson, who would have received a life sentence if the case had attained its climax. Another legal charge was raised against Chiquita in 2007 when the company was accused of poor worker environments. In Columbia, employees were subjects of hard labor, risky work conditions and long working hours. In 1996, Chiquita had provided $20 million to standardize its work environment in all its branches in the Latin America. At that time, the company had employed over 30,000 workers in 7 different countries. When the organization was accused of neglecting corporate responsibility, it filed a lawsuit against these allegations and was paid a multimillion settlement by the Cincinnati Enquirer newspaper for reputation damage. The ability of the organization to develop a standard work environment formed its strength in corporate responsibility. Chiquita placed value in its communicat ion strategy as part of the development of good customer relation in a culturally diverse population. Gerbe points out to the value of communication intercultural communication in the international market. Chiquita communication strategy is depicted in its core values. The organization puts value in open, straightforward, respectful and transparent communication.

International Management 9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Management 9 - Essay Example Determination is the driving force and he advocates for survival even through hardships and setbacks (Daft 2002). The CEO of Virgin Group is a team builder; Branson has realized his capabilities as a leader and due to these he has endeavored to build a working team to complement those areas he perceives to be weak in (Mintzberg 2004 & Peterson 2003). He has a sense of respect for ethical and moral issues for the workers and gives them fair recognition and appreciation, he is loyal to those he works with however he has tough negotiation and interpersonal skills and very ruthless (Mayer 2004 & Parker 2007). Charismatic is another description of Branson, whether learnt behavior of an element of personality is not important, but he has managed to stay charming to his partners and business associates and clients (Judge et al 2002), and this makes him able to become what he wants especially when he appears in public. He is a team builder playing role in team building activities like games and stunts. One of the critical point of his team building activity is the appointment of the management team. Studies indicate that the team has profound influence on the strategy implemented by the organization especially the top leaders (Daft 2002). He provides incentives and creative processes that are autonomous to an extent that they are given shareholding allowance. Global marketing calls for diversity. One such diversified business is the virgin Atlantic company, operating in planes, trains and space shuttle, and Sir Richard Branson in the chairman of the business. He has adopted the global management strategy that is founded on creativity, sound decision making and visionary approach. Sir Richard Branson leadership strategy is very effective and it is bound to work even in future, this is because he is a visionary leader who does not restrict the development of his business

Longer sentences offer no more guarantee of reducing criminal Essay

Longer sentences offer no more guarantee of reducing criminal propensities than do shorter terms (The effectiveness of sentencing, Home Office Resea - Essay Example confinement total included about 325,618 persons. In the next quarter century, American prisons more than quintupled in size, reaching a one-day population of 1,182,169 by the end of 1996. As of June 30, 1996, jails across the country grew to hold an estimated 518,492 persons. At midyear 1996, the total adult incarcerated population was 1,630,940 inmates. Taking the nations population growth into account, the U.S. incarceration rate had risen by a factor of 3.75, from 160 inmates per 100,000 general population in 1970 to 600 per 100,000 in 1995. This expansion was not planned in advance, and, even with the benefit of hindsight, its causes are not well understood. Deliberate or not, explicable or not, the upswing in the use of confinement appears to be ongoing. American prisons and jails were growing at a rate of 189 new inmates per day between mid-1995 and mid-1996. While theories of pendulum swings might foretell an eventual reversal of the incarceration explosion, so far there is little evidence of such a shift in the national statistics. Alongside the trend of escalation of confinement, there has been widespread experimentation across the country with new institutions and systems for the apportionment of criminal punishment. Rehabilitation, once the guiding theoretical light of American sentencing structures, has fallen by the wayside in the past two and a half decades, leaving policy makers scrambling for an alternative blueprint. Further, as criminal punishment has grown into an ever-more-sizable enterprise, governments have become increasingly interested in managerial tools for controlling systemic throughputs and outputs. Many jurisdictions have created sentencing commissions, some have abolished parole boards, all have enacted mandatory penalty statutes for selected crimes, and a growing number have adopted sentencing guidelines (Tonry, 2000). Sentencing has been radically refashioned in two ways. First, sentencing

Factors That Contributed To Industrial Revolution In Britain Essay

Factors That Contributed To Industrial Revolution In Britain - Essay Example Important conditions that favored the growth of industrialization in Europe include capitalism, a growth of population, peace and increased cross-border markets for industrial goods. Capitalism encouraged people to own private property and make beneficial contracts among themselves. They realized that there was the need to work harder with the objective of acquiring more property. Capitalism was a motivation that enhanced people’s desire towards making inventions since it was the only way towards wealth accumulation. The growth of population in Britain provided the necessary labor for industries and guaranteed a local market for goods and services. Increased labor and demand constituted the primary motivators for an industrial revolution. Britain peace and tranquility prevailed in Britain; this provided a favorable environment for industrial growth. Industrial investors no longer feared destruction of their property caused by conflicts and wars. People, therefore, volunteered to install machinery for industrial production with no fear of destructive activities. International demand for industrial goods was increasing at high rates as people desired to make their lives easy through the use of machinery. This provided opportunities for marketing Britain’s industrial goods. Increased markets encouraged more production and accelerated industrial revolution. Industrial revolution marked a major turning point in history because it influenced approximately all aspects of people’s daily lives.

What Are the Key Factors Which Lead to the Downfall of the Romanov Dynasty Essay Example for Free

What Are the Key Factors Which Lead to the Downfall of the Romanov Dynasty Essay 1917 saw the conclusion of the reign of the Romanov Dynasty, as well as the demise of Russia’s last monarch, Tsar Nicholas II. It is evident that the downfall of the Romanov Dynasty was directly linked to key factors such as the autocratic style of the Romanov dynasty and the nature of the social structure, as well as the evolving nation of Russia, as a result of industrialisation. The Romanov family was viewed by the people of Russia as leaders ‘sent from God’. However as the 20th century neared, this mystical admiration the public possessed for the royal family receded and was replaced by intellect. A growing sense of political and social awareness of the lower classes, as well as the introduction of democratic ideas from the West had sparked a change. The twentieth century saw the birth of new ideologies such as Leninism, Marxism, Liberalism and Socialism. These ideologies proposed new models of government techniques and questions the ruling of the Romanov Dynasty. Tsar Alexander II sensed the rising threat of terrorism threatening the Imperial family and more importantly the Dynasty’s autocratic rule. The responsibility of Russia was bestowed upon Nicholas II, son of Alexander II, based on the dynasty’s ritualistic practice of passing the throne to the Tsar’s eldest son or closest senior male relative. Nicholas II was reluctant to accept the responsibility of Russia, as well as its 126 subjects; however he acknowledged the burden of the crown as a spiritual experience destined by God. By the beginning of the 20th century, Russia had established itself as a vast empire, however in comparison to other countries; Russia was a ‘backward society’ with mostly undeveloped resources. At this time, Russia had established rigid class distinctions, with 88% of the population farming the countryside as serfs, whilst land and high government positions were owned by 5% of Russia’s population. In 1816, serfdom was abolished and peasants were free, however were required to pay compensation for land that they believed they already owned. Although agriculture remained the principle means of maintaining a livelihood for the lower class, peasants often struggled to live above starvation level, as they used inefficient farming techniques and had little land available to them. Those who struggled with agrarian lifestyles flocked to the cities, consequently causing a major increase in the urban population. As a result factory working conditions also suffered. Factory workers received low wages, at times only 25-30% of British workers, as well as long working hours, sometimes extending to 15 hour shifts. Workers were forced to endure these conditions, with little hope of assistance, as the Russian government had provided no means by which workers could express their grievances or dissatisfaction with their present conditions. The Tsar’s power was unlimited with no political party or constitution to inspect the Tsar’s ruling, as well as a secret police, known as the Ohkrana, which terrorised those threatening public order. ‘I shall uphold the principle of Autocracy as firmly and as undeviating as did my late father’ (Nicholas II, first proclamation, 29th January, 1895 source:Punch,9 February 1895 ) This proclamation illustrates Tsar Nicholas’s incentives to intimate his father Alexender II, by means of resisting modernisation and change, in the nation of Russia. Despite these obvious signs of corruption within the Tsar, the public, largely due to the coercive influence of the Russian Orthodox Church, continued to hold a mystical admiration for the Tsar and the royal family. However, while the myth of Tsar Nicholas or the public’s ‘little father’ retained some currency, the events of the years 1904 to 1905 disrupted this myth dramatically. In 1904, the government’s decision to go to war against Japan highlighted its weakness. The two countries had been competing for years over territory and influence in the Korean peninsula of Manchuria. Nicholas, along with most Russian’s believed that a brief encounter with Russia’s vast navy and army would be the solutions to their present conflicts with Japan. Nicholas was wrong. The war ended with the humiliation of Russian defeat, in August 1905. Confirmation of the Russian government and military weakness heightened discontent and fueled many reform movements. Meanwhile other incidences, such as the massacre or ‘Bloody Sunday’ on the 9th of January 1905, sparked political unrest in the capital of Russia. On this day a large crowd of people marched towards the Winter Palace, in St Petersburg, presenting a petition to the Tsar. The petition demanded a series of measures that would improve the position of those being exploited by their factory owners. â€Å"Don’t refuse to help your people, lead them out of the grave of disfranchisement, poverty and ignorance Tear down the wall between you and your people, and let them rule the country with you Look without anger at our requests, they are not intended for an evil but for a good cause, for both of us† (Petition of the Workers and Residents of St Petersburg for Submission to Nicholas II) This extract displays the continuing confidence in the Tsar and assurance that he will overcome his evil advisors and attend to the struggling lower classes. However this confidence in the Tsar was completely destroyed by the following event. Under command, troops, who were guarding the palace, opened fire on the crowd, killing 100 protestors and wounding almost 300. Although it is still unknown who directed the final orders, Nicholas’s absence from the protest, eroded the iconic image of the Tsar and the myth upon which the Tsarist system was sustained. Hostility towards the blood bath was generated from the lower proletarian classes and reverberated upwards throughout the empire. As a result nine months of strikes, peasant revolts and mutinies among the army and navy, followed. Workers began to form councils, known as soviets, where worker’s representatives would voice their grievances and political protest campaigns were fashioned. Under immense pressure from these disturbances, the Tsar was forced to make compromises to the demands of the people in order to preserve the support of the public. On the 17th of October, the Tsar introduced the October Manifesto. This granted the people of Russia the freedom of conscience, speech, meeting and association. The manifesto also promised the introduction of a Duma, or parliament, elected by universal suffrage. The design of the Duma was to provide the people of Russia with the power to create and approve laws. The intentional exclusion of the word ‘constitution’ ensured that the Tsar autocratic power remained unscathed. The Duma was the Tsar’s puppet; he could dismiss and announce the duma, personally choose and dismiss ministers and declare new laws unaided, at any time. The first two Duma’s lasted only a few months before they were later dissolved, by the Tsar. The third Duma survived as a result of an alteration in the electing process of representatives. Subsequently the Duma became dominated by land-owners and businessmen who were more conservative and ‘trustworthy’ elements to the Tsar. This alteration destroyed the sole purpose of Duma as it hindered all classes from expressing their opinions. Although evidence of reform in the government was present, the manifesto did not address current problems affecting the lower classes such as poverty, low wages and poor working and living conditions. The grievances of the lower classes remained unheard and the gap between the Tsar and his subjects widened. For these reasons recently legalised parties such as the Social Democrats and Socialists revolutionaries had a willing audience. By the end of July 1914, the revolutionary discontent echoed the events of 1905 revolution. When World War II commenced early August 1914, Russia was in no state for battle. Although intensified emotions of patriotism temporarily calmed civil disputes, the hardships of the war brutally hit the home front. Russia’s undeveloped economy struggled to sustain the war efforts and keep up with increased demands. By late 1914, dreams of a short successful battle were doubtful. In addition to previous hardships, concerns of high causality rates, inadequate medical care and shortages of resources, such as food, weaponry and ammunition were affecting the Russian front. In Mid 1915, Nicholas II, with the aim of improving Russia’s current stance in the war, accepted the position as Commander-in-Chief of the Russian forces. Nicholas II had few military skills and was surrounded by ministers who had been chosen by himself, therefore were also sufficiently inexperienced. Meanwhile, German-born Tsarina Alexandra was temporarily responsible for the home front whilst her husband was away. The Tsarina was greatly influenced by Grigori Rasputin, a Russian mystic who was praised by Alexandra for his fanatical abilities to help her haemophilic son, Alexi, the heir to the throne. Tsarina had little political ability and looked towards Rasputin for advice. Due to the nepotism within the royal family, Rasputin was able to quickly posses doctrinal powers and become a influential member of the Russian court. The influence Rasputin had on the royal family as well as the scandalous relationship assumed to be between Alexandra and Rasputin discredited the Tsarist government. These scandals affected the way the public viewed the royal family and supported the idea that the royal family was easily dominated by religious mystics. By late 1916, discontent within Russia had reached crisis point. The duma and the majority of Russia’s upper class no longer supported the Tsar. The Tsar had lost his authority in the eyes of the public. By 25th of January 1917, St Petersburg, the capital of Russia, was at a standstill. Numerous factories were shut, shops closed, public transport ceased to run and radical political leadership seemed to be using all possible means of protest. Unlike 1905, troops did not restrain the strikes; some even rebelled and joined the workers. Tsarist authority had vanished. On the 2nd of March 1917, Nicholas II abdicated and within a few hours, the Grand Duke, Nicholas II’s brother, refused the responsibility of the throne. This was the definitive end to the Romanov Dynasty. In conclusion, although the Tsar’s character had great effect on the downfall of the Romanov Dynasty, it was ultimately the fault of Romanov dynasty’s ineffective style of government. As Russia became more industrialised, larger, and far more complicated, the inadequacies of autocratic Tsarist rule became increasingly apparent. Ritualistic beliefs such as the nepotistic process by which successive monarchs were selected, was unsuitable in an ever evolving world desperate for change and development. The Romanov Dynasty’s Autocratic approach to leadership had been successful for the previous three centuries, however as the twentieth century approached, the need for social and political reform advanced with it. For this reason, Nicholas II, was a victim of a time warp, where despite his best efforts to maintain authority of the autocratic crown, was forced to abandon inherited methods of leadership. He was trapped in a modernising world with outdated beliefs and traditions. Nevertheless, to a minor extent Tsar Nicholas was responsible for his own demise as he was aware of the changes occurring within the nation, however he didn’t not administer the needs and wants of his subjects.

Corporate Strategy Essay Example for Free

Corporate Strategy Essay In Corporate Strategy, Collis and Montgomery explain there are two kinds of diversification—linked and constrained. Companies using linked diversification enter new businesses when it relates in some way to another business they are already in (it is linked to it), but does not necessarily have any connection to their other businesses. If they are using constrained diversification, however, they only enter a new business if it is based on their core resources or competencies. Companies based on linked diversification have little coherence to their overall corporate strategy, while companies using constrained diversification tend to be more focused. Constrained diversification allows companies to maximize the effect of their resources because they are shared (100). Apple uses constrained diversification. Apple is, inherently, a personal computer company (hardware and software), and their businesses utilize their competencies in developing hardware and software. The Macintosh, iPad, iPhone, iPod and AppleTV are all computers, which allows Apple to share resources between businesses. For example, the Macintosh, iPad, iPhone and AppleTV all run OS X, Apple’s operating system. This creates economies of scope, which, Collis and Montgomery point out, create cost savings for the company because their resources are shared across multiple businesses (72). Rather than just have related businesses, though, each business is a focused platform with no extraneous products or product types. The Macintosh, for example, consists of two kinds—desktop and notebook. These separate product lines each share resources and complement each other. The iMac and MacBook Pro are both primarily constructed from aluminum and glass, so not only do they share the same materials (which reduces costs), but they resemble each other, creating unity between product lines. Each platform, too, complements the other. Apple’s Macintosh computers sync their media and personal data (calendar, contacts, email) seamlessly with the other platforms. Because they work so well together, owning products from each platform benefits users by creating an experience where their devices â€Å"just work.† The platform advantage does not apply just to Apple’s devices. Through iTunes, users can purchase music, movies and television shows that syncs across all of their devices, or even do so from their iPhone or iPad. The App Store allows users to download applications for their iPhones and iPads wherever they are, and now the iBook Store, released in April, will allow them to do the same with books. Because Apple has chosen what businesses to enter carefully, these platforms reinforce the others and make them more powerful. The sum is greater than the parts. This creates a complete package for consumers to choose, and it is difficult for competitors to match. Their platform strategy makes each individual business more valuable than it would be as a separate entity. Their strategy can be improved, however. Currently, MobileMe—a service Apple offers that keeps contacts, calendar, and email in sync across multiple devices over the air—is a premium service that costs $99 per year. This is the wrong approach. Rather than a premium service, MobileMe should be free and integrated into Apple’s platforms. MobileMe should act like the â€Å"glue† that integrates the platforms and as a draw for users. Apple’s goal should be to get as many MobileMe users as possible. Once someone is happily using MobileMe across their various devices, they are less likely to switch to a competitor’s product.

Importance of Postoperative Pain Management

Importance of Postoperative Pain Management CHAPTER-II Review of literature is a key step in research process. The literature review is to discover what has previously been done about the problem to be studied what remains to be done, what methods have been employed in other research and how the result of other research in the area can be combined to develop knowledge. It is essential step; it can be done before and after selecting the problem. It can help to determine what is already known about the topic (A.P.Jai, 2005). This chapter attempts to present a review of studies done methodology adopted and conclusion attained by earlier investigators which helps in this study. The sources are internet search, textbook, published journal, editorials published and unpublished thesis. In this chapter, the researcher presents the review of the literature under the following headings, Section-I: Studies related to importance of postoperative pain management. Section-II: Studies related to Using Numeric Rating Scale for pain Assessment. Section-III: Studies related to effectiveness of music therapy among General Surgical Patients. Section-IV: Studies related to Effectiveness of Music Therapy among Post Caesarean Mothers. Section-V: Studies related to Gate Control Theory of Pain (Melzack and Wall (1965). Section-VI: Conceptual Framework Based on Gate Control Theory of Pain (Melzack and Wall (1965). SECTION-I: STUDIES RELATED TO IMPORTANCE OF POSTOPERATIVE PAIN MANAGEMENT. Kolawole and Fawole, (2003) conducted a study on Postoperative pain management following caesarean section in University of llorin Teaching Hospital (UITH).llorin, Nigeria. Prospective descriptive design was used to assess the effectiveness of various common methods of analgesia used in hospital following caesarean section. This study was conducted over a period of 18 months. Pain assessment was carried out by 4-point Verbal Rating Scale of None, Mild, Moderate, and severe. The first 24hrs postoperatively was particularly painful for the patient with 79.6% and 54.6% reporting moderate to severe pain in the recovery room and day 1 respectively. They concluded that the pain remains a significant problem following surgical operation in our environment. (PMID.15008293) Seers and Carroll, (1998) conducted a study on Relaxation techniques for acute pain management. They were used a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and seven studies involving 362 patients were included. Three of the seven studies demonstrated significantly less pain sensation or pain distress in those who had relaxation, four studies did not detect any difference. It was concluded that the well designed and executed randomized controlled trials are needed before the clinical use of relaxation in acute pain management can be firmly underpinned by good quality research evidence. So we can recommend that the relaxation in acute pain settings is carefully evaluated and not used as the main treatment for the pain management. SECTION-II: STUDIES RELATED TO USING NUMERIC RATING SCALE FOR PAIN ASSESSMENT. Yaakov Beilin, Jabera Hossain, and Carol, (2009) conducted a study on Numeric Rating Scale and Labor Epidural Analgesia, in this study a Numeric Rating Scale(NRS) used to evaluate pain in research studies, they define desire for additional analgesic medication as a clinically relevant outcome in research studies about pain and compare it with the results of the NRS. A post hoc analysis of three studies that conducted previously in concerning labor epidural analgesia was performed. In all three studies, score was obtained before and 15 min after analgesia. They found that the very few patients (2%) with a score of 0-1 wanted more medication. When the score was 2 or 3, 51% of the patients wanted more medication, and score was >3, almost all patients (93%) wanted more medication. Grouping the final NRS scores into 3 categories (0 or 1, 2 or 3, and >3) is more useful to the clinician than using individual NRS scores. Cinzia Brunelli, (2009) did a study on Comparison of Numerical and Verbal Rating Scales to measure pain exacerbations in patients with chronic Cancer pain. Crosses sectional multicentre study conducted on a sample of 240 advanced cancer patients with pain, background pain and BP were measured by 6-point VRS and 11 point NRS. In order to evaluate the reproducibility of the two scales, a subsample of 60 patients was randomly selected and the questionnaire was administered for a second time three to four hours later. The proportion of inconsistent evaluations was calculated to compare the two scales capability in discriminating between background and peak pain intensity and Cohens K was calculated to compare their reproducibility. It concludes that NRS revealed higher discriminatory capability than VRS in distinguishing between background and peak pain intensity with a lower proportion of patients giving inconsistent evaluations (14% vs. 25%) (Cohens K of 0.86 for NRS vs 0.53 for VRS) while the reproducibility of the two scales in evaluating background pain was similar (Cohens K of 0.80 vs. 0.77). Nathalie Dieudonne, Alexandra Gomola, Philippe Bonnichon, and Yves M.Ozier, (2008) conducted a study on Prevention of postoperative pain after thyroid surgery. In this study double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial used to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of bilateral superficial cervical plexus blocks performed at the end of surgery. Ninety patients were randomized to receive 20 mL isotonic sodium chloride or 20 mL bupivacaine 0.25% with 1:200,000 epinephrines. Postoperative pain was assessed every 4 h using an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS-11). All patients received acetaminophen every 6 h. In addition, morphine was administered following a standardized protocol if the NRS-11 score was à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥4. The main outcome variables were pain scores (NRS-11), the proportion of patients given morphine at any time during the 24-h period, and the amount of morphine administered. The Bupivacaine group had a smaller proportion of patients given morphine (66.0% vs 90.0%; P = 0.016), and lower initial median pain scores (P = 0.002). SECTION-III: STUDIES RELATED TO EFFECTIVENESS OF MUSIC THERAPY AMONG GENERAL SURGICAL PATIENTS. Sigma Theta Tau International, (2009) conducted a study to assess and compare the effect of music therapy on postoperative pain of patient undergone elective abdominal surgery. A quasi-experimental design was used and convenient samples of 30 (15 in each expcontrol group). Pain was measured by Verbal Rating Scale. Music therapy was given as per patients wish to experimental group and intensity of pain was monitored before and immediately after recovery from anesthesia, during the 1st and 2nd postoperative day for both the groups. Results revealed that those patients who listened to self selected music tapes had significant differences (p Tse MM.Chan Me. Benzie, (2005) conducted a study to find the effectiveness of music therapy on postoperative pain and analgesic use following nasal surgery. Sample size was 57 patients (24females33 males) who were matched for age and sex and then non-selectively assigned to either an experimental or a control group. Music was played intermittently to members of the experimental group during the first 24hrs postoperative period and pain intensity was measured by Verbal Rating Scales. It shows the significant decrease in pain intensity over time were found in the experimental group compared to the control group (p Nilsson, Unosson and Rawal, (2005) conducted a study on Stress reduction and analgesia in patients exposed to calming music postoperatively. The randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy. Seventy-five patients undergoing hernia repair in day care surgery were allocated to three groups: intraoperative music, postoperative music and silence (control group). Patients postoperative pain, anxiety, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation were studied. The postoperative music group had less anxiety and pain and required less morphine after 1hr compared with the control group. The result concluded that intraoperative music may decrease postoperative pain, and that postoperative music therapy may reduce anxiety, pain and morphine consumption. SECTION- IV: STUDIES RELATED TO EFFECTIVENESS OF MUSIC THERAPY AMONG POST CAESAREAN MOTHERS. Arastirma TAF pre Med Bull, (2009) conducted a study to evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy on postoperative pain after Caesarean section. The sample size was 100 and randomly allocated into two groups (50 in each group).Group 1, patients listened to music through a headphone for 1hour immediately before surgery where as in group-2, not listen to any music during the same period. In the postanaesthesia care unit patients were connected to I.V. PCA device when they were able to respond to commands. The patients level of satisfaction with perioperative care was assessed by a 10cm Visual Analogue Scale and the severity of postoperative pain was assessed by VAS. The results shows that the postoperative tramadol consumption, total amount of tramadol consumption, additional analgesic use and all VAS values were lower in group-1(p Amin Ebneshahidi, and Masood Mohseni, (2008) conducted a study to evaluate the effect of patient selected music on early postoperative pain, anxiety and Hemodynamic profile in Caesarean section. The sample size was 80 who were undergoing elective C.S.surgery enrolled randomly to listen 30 minutes of music or silence by head phones postoperatively. Pain and Anxiety were measured with visual Analogue Scale. Results says that the pain score and postoperative cumulative opioid consumption were significantly lower among patients in the music group (p SECTION-V: STUDIES RELATED TO GATE CONTROL THEORY OF PAIN Marial, (2007) did a study to assess the effectiveness of back massage on pain during first stage of labour among mothers in selected maternity centre at tirupur. 60 samples were selected by using convenient sampling method for the study (experimental group-30 and control group-30). Experimental group received massage were as the control group did not. She used Melzack pain gate control theory for conceptual frame work. Data was collected using behavioral intensity and visual analogue scale. The statistical calculation done was frequency mean, SD, chi-square andt test. The result of the study shows that massage is a cost effective nursing intervention that can decreases the pain perception during labour. Jacintha, (1995) did a study on the effect of back massage during the first stage of labour. She divided the samples in to two groups of 30 each. The experimental group received back massage for 10 minutes per hour. She used non participatory observation technique to observe the maternal behavioral every hour. She used Melzack pain gate control theory for conceptual frame work. The experimental group was interviewed regarding their experience and feelings of back massage before shifting them to the post natal ward. 100% of mothers remembered massage given to them during labour, with feeling of comfortable in 76.66% and relaxed in 43.33%. All the mothers were of the opinion that all mothers in labour should be given back massage. Locsin, (1981) did a study to assess the effectiveness of music on the pain of selected postoperative patients during first 48 hrs. The 24 female gynecology and/ obstetric patients were assign to two groups (control and experimental). The measurement of the experimental variable was done by an Overt Pain Reduction Rating Scale (OPRRS) which is devised by the writer. Significant differences were found between the groups of postoperative patients in their muscular-skeletal and verbal reactions during the first 58hr at the 0.05 level. The conceptual framework of the study was based on the concept of distraction following the Gate Control Theory of Pain by Melzack Wall (1965). The finding says that the music can be used as a nursing measure for postoperative patients. SECTION-VI: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK BASED ON GATECONTROL THEORY OF PAIN (MELZACK AND WALL (1965) The conceptual frame work for the present study was derived from Gate Control Theory of Pain (Melzack and Wall, 1995) Application of Gate Control Theory of Pain Polit and Hungler, (1965) state that a conceptual framework is inter related concept on abstraction that is assembled together in some rational scheme by virtue of their relevance to a common scheme. It is a device that helps to stimulate research and the extension of knowledge by providing both direction and impetus. The present study was aimed at determining the effectiveness of music therapy on intensity of post operative pain among primipara mothers who had Caesarean Section. The conceptual frame work of this study was derived from gate control theory of pain. Gate Control Theory of Pain: Many theories of pain have been presented in the literature. These include specificity, pattern, affect and psychological/behavioral theory (Mander 1998). The most widely used and accepted theory is that of Melzack Wall (1965). These researchers have established that gentle stimulation actually inhibits the sensation of pain. Their gate control theory states that a neural or spinal gating mechanism occurs in the substantiate gelatinosa of the dorsal horns of the spinal cord. The nerve impulses received by nociceptors, the receptors for pain in the skin and tissue of the body, are affected by the gating mechanism. It is the position of the gate that determines whether or not the nerve impulses travel freely to the medulla and the thalamus, thereby transmitting the sensory impulse or message, to the sensory cortex. The pain impulses will be carried out by the small diameter slow conducting A-delta and C fibers. Impulses traveled through small diameter fibers will open the pain gate and the person feels pain. Pain gate is also receiving impulses produced by stimulation of thermo receptors or mechanoreceptors transmitted via large diameter; myellindated A-delta fibers inhibit superimpose the small diameter impulses. (Myles -2003) If the gate is closed, there is little or no conduction, for example distraction, counseling and massage techniques are ways to release endorphins, which close the gate. This prevents or reduces the clients perception of pain (Freeman and Lawlis, 2001) If the gate is open, the impulses and messages pass and are transmitted freely. Therefore, when the gate is open, pain and sensation is experienced. (Potter and Perry, 2009) Many non pharmacological procedures such as hydrotherapy, music therapy (distraction), application of heat or ice, massage, vibration, TENS and movement stimulate the nerve endings connected with large diameter fibres which can produce a reduction of pain by closing the pain gate. Based on the principle of gate control theory, the following conceptual framework was developed. Method used to reduce intensity of postoperative pain is instrumental music which is composed by violin among Primipara mothers who had Caesarean Section. Stimulation of Pain Receptors: Surgical trauma of the uterus due to Caesarean Section stimulates pain receptors in lower abdomen and lumbar area of the back. In the control group there was more stimulation of pain receptors in these areas due to the close contact between the contracting uterus and abdominal and lower back structures. In case of experimental group(Music therapy), there was less stimulation of free nerve ending in the lower abdomen and lumbar area of back compared to the control group due to the distraction caused by music therapy. Travelling of Pain Impulses: Normally pain impulses are traveling through small short conducting A-delta and C fibres. Impulses from stimulation will be distracted by instrumental music and decrease in pain perception produce a reduction of pain by closing the pain gate in experimental group. Gating Mechanism: Pain impulses after the Caesarean Section are transmitted through the spinal nerve segment of T11-12 and accessory lower thoracic and upper lower sympathetic nerves, which are traveled through (A-delta and C) small diameter and slow conducting amyelinated fibres and reach the pain gate and open the gate thus the mother perceives pain in the lower abdomen and lower back. Impulses reduced by music due to decreased in pain perception to travel through fast conducting myelinated A-delta fibres which impose small fibres and close the pain gate. SUMMARY This chapter dealt with the studies related to importance of postoperative pain management, application of music therapy and conceptual frame work based on gate control theory of pain.

To what extent did the World’s Fair of 1893 impact the United States of

Background As of today, the city of Chicago is the third largest city in the United States, right behind New York and Los Angles. It is home to more 3 million people, but this was not always the case. When the city was created in 1833, it only "coveted less than half a square mile on either side of the main channel of the Chicago River and contained only 350 adventurous inhabitants, mostly male." (Abu-Lughod 49). As the years went on the city continued to grow and by 1870 its "economic base had evolved considerably" (51). However, the following year Chicago suffered a disaster that ultimately destroyed the city. This event is known as the Great Chicago Fire. The fire is said to have begun in a small farm owned by Catherine and Patrick O'Leary and lasted for 36 hours. The fire destroyed more than 18,000 buildings, leaving around 99,000 of the city’s residents homeless, and killed more than 300 people. Despite the destruction of almost the entire city, Chicago was able to rebuild and rees tablish itself as a place that offered opportunities, and a future. Although Chicago continued to grow rapidly, the US entered an economic depression in 1893. Luckily for the country, this was the very year that Chicago had been selected to host the 1893 World’s Fair, also known as the World’s Columbian Exposition. This fair gave not only the city of Chicago, but also the US, an opportunity to show the world what this nation was capable of creating and building. Introduction The World’s Fair of 1893 was set to commemorate the 400th year anniversary of Columbus’ voyage to America. When the top leaders in the US heard about the opportunity of hosting the fair, they quickly showed their interest. The main cities that showed interest were New York,... ...he building would not be designed the way they are now in the city. The fair allowed Chicago to be the great city it is today and have the magnificent downtown envied by many other cities. Work Cited Abu-Lughod, Janet L. New York, Chicago, Los Angeles: America's Global Cities. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1999. Print. Crandall, Abbey, and Daniel Green. "Chicago Inventions." Chicago World's Fair. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 May 2013. Maranzani, Barbara. "7 Things You May Not Know About the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 01 May 2013. Web. 27 May 2013. Rose, Julie K. "World's Columbian Exposition: Reactions to the Fair." World's Columbian Exposition: Reactions to the Fair. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2013. Rydell, Robert W. "World's Columbian Exposition." World's Columbian Exposition. Encyclopedia of Chicago, n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2013.

Gary Sotos Like Mexicans: Personal Experiences :: essays research papers

Gary Soto's Like Mexicans: Personal Experiences My decision to write in response to Gary Soto's work, â€Å"Like Mexicans† was influenced for the most part because of the similarities between myself and Gary Soto, and our families included. Gary Soto is a Mexican American male, who grew up in the San Joaquin Valley in the industrial part of a town called Fresno. His grandparents came to this Great Valley in search of creating a better life for themselves and their families. I am also a Mexican American male who was born and raised in the San Joaquin Valley in a small town called Porterville. My grandparents migrated with their children, my mother, father, and their brothers and sisters in hopes of creating a better life for themselves as well. At the time economic betterment meant working as a hired slave for minimal income and keeping your mouth shut. After all, you were nothing more than a wetback who came to America to reap her benefits.(This ludicrous ideology is still present today) Gary Soto's grandparents and my grandparents, although they ma y be a generation behind one another, I am sure were exposed to many of the same hardships and or social barriers. It was not uncommon back then as it is not uncommon today for Mexican families with minimal work skills to be forced into the fields to work with their children alongside in hopes of escaping poverty. For the most part such families remained poverty stricken due to unfair and illegal wages and work conditions. However irrelevant this all may sound, facing similar hardships or obstacles will often create a sense of unity among those who are affected by such conditions. In short, I feel that not only do Gary Soto and I share a common ethnic origin, but all that comes with our origin, be it pride, shame, or ideology. "Like Mexicans" is a short story in which Gary Soto is constantly being reminded that he should marry his own kind. His own kind being one of Mexican descent, and of poverty and refraining from others, especially â€Å"Okies† as his grandmother used to always say. Soto ends up marrying a Japanese woman, not a Mexican. But he still has to deal with his internal struggle and acceptance of this choice. One cannot be looked down upon for questioning oneself and the decisions one makes, especially when it comes to marrying after being raised in a household that reinforced the belief , â€Å"Marry Your Own†. My mother and my father never told me that I should marry one of my own.

Comparig To Kill A Mocingbird And The Man Without A Face :: essays research papers

Courage is a valuable and rare attribute in people today. In Harper Lee's novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, courage is shown by a reclusive character named Arthur "Boo" Radley. In Mel Gibson's movie, The Man Without a Face, courage is shown by Justin McLoud. Due to the noble actions of others, one can discover the true meaning of courage. In To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Arthur Radley is a person who has not left his house for many years. Because of this, the townspeople have made up many rumors about him, most of which are not true. These rumors added to him not wanting to come out in public. His neighbors, Jem and Scout Finch, are the only ones who try to communicate with him, and he gives them gifts. Arthur Radley shows courage later on in the book, when the two children are attacked by Bob Ewell. Arthur Radley, a person who lived inside for years, ran outside with a kitchen knife to save his only friends. He proceeds to help Jem home, and in doing so reveals himself to even more people. If Jem and Scout had not been friendly to him, Arthur Radley probably would not have come out of his home. In The Man Without A Face directed by Mel Gibson, a hideously scarred former teacher named Justin McLoud lives in solitude on a large estate, like Arthur Radley. Also like Arthur, Justin has not made contact with anyone for seven years. One day, a struggling student named Charles Norstad come to Justin's house to be tutored. Over the summer, the two become friends. Because of Charles, Justin has the courage to teach again, and tries to clear his name of charges made against him. Like Arthur Radley, the friendship of a child gave Justin courage. Like Justin and Arthur, a child younger than me gave me help dealing with a problem. My younger sister was listening to me tell my older brother about a person older than me who was bothering me and my friends. She turned to me and said, â€Å"Well, why don’t you tell him to stop bothering you or he will get in trouble? But you gotta make it sound scary!† So, I told this person that if he didn’t stop bothering me, he will get in trouble with my brother.

Make or Buy Decision Essay

Taiwanese smart phone maker HTC Corporation is considering outsourcing manufacturing to other companies to improve its efficiency. Before building its own brand, HTC concentrated on manufacturing low-end smart phones for companies like Apple. However, in recent years, HTC has been under pressure from shareholders to reduce costs because of loss net operating income for the third quarter of 2013. Now, HTC wants to change its strategy; they want to concentrate on the research and development of high-end smart phones and outsource some of their low-end smart phone production to increase their sufficiency and lower the costs. In the smart phone industry, in order to improve efficiency, it is important for the phone makers to build more commoditized products and universally outsource some products to manufacturers who can produce cheaper products. However, just as the Yuanta Securities analyst Dennis Chan says, there are many factors that effect whether to make the decision to outsource. HTC definitely needs to consider many factors to decide whether they will continue making products or outsourcing (Dou, 2013). Problem Identification The case above is talking about how HTC suffers from a new situation about whether to continue producing smart phones or outsource them to other manufacturing companies. Actually it is a â€Å"make or buy decision† problem in accounting. Make or buy decision is a decision to carry out manufacturing a product in-house or purchasing it from an outside supplier. As every company comes under increasing pressure to reduce costs and increase their return on assets, it shows an increased importance to managers whether to keep the activities, even the key parts, in-house or outsource them (Gambino, 1980). Outsourcing is an important part in make-or-buy decision making. For HTC, if the production cost is much higher than outsourcing the low-end smart phone to other companies, or it doesn’t have sufficient production capacity to produce it internally, outsourcing seems a better choice for the company. However, in the business world, it is not easy to determine whether a make-or-buy decision is good for the company; there are many factors to consider. The following part will describe the factors which have an effect on make-or-buy decisions. Accounting Method Explanation—Make-or-Buy Decision Make-or-buy decisions occur in business when a company needs to decide whether to produce goods internally or to purchase them externally. This typically is an issue when a company has the capacity to manufacture products or they can purchase the products on the market. When analyzing a make-or-buy business decision, it is necessary for managers to look at several factors. The analysis must examine thoroughly all of the costs related to manufacturing the products as well as all the costs related to purchasing the product. 1. Quantitative factors and Qualitative factors. The make-or-buy decision involves both quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. Quantitative factors can be calculated and compared; subjective judgment and multiple opinions are required when we want to examine some quantitative factors. Also, we need to consider various factors from all angles when the make-or-buy decision is used, because some of the factors involved can be quantified with certainty, while other factors cannot. Quantitative factors include things such as the availability of production facilities, production capacity, and all of the resources needed. Variable and fixed costs are also important factors when analyzing the make-or-buy decision. Similarly, quantitative costs also include the price of the product in the marketplace. The comparison between the production cost and purchasing cost is one of the most important processes in analyzing the make or buy decision. Qualitative factors are more difficult to measure than quantitative factors and more subjective judgment needs to be taken into consideration. For example, the reputation and reliability of the suppliers, the possibility and the likelihood of changing or reversing the decision in the future, and the long-run outlook regarding production or purchasing the product are all typical qualitative factors. In the HTC outsourcing case, identifying and picking up the quantitative and qualitative factors is the first step. First, for the quantitative part, the variable and fixed costs of producing the smart phones must be taken into consideration. Usually, variable costs include direct materials, direct labor, and variable overhead. Also, we need to collect the data about the salary paid for workers and supervisors, depreciation of the equipment, and the a llocated general overhead. The purchasing price of smart phones which the supplier  offered is another required factor when comparing production cost. Secondly, for the quantitative part, HTC needs to do a lot of research to know whether their supplier has a good reputation and reliability, and analysis the benefits and costs if they choose to purchase the smart phones from the supplier instead of producing them. 2. The analysis must also separate relevant costs from irrelevant costs and look only at the relevant costs. When making the make-or-buy decision, it is necessary to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant costs. Relevant costs for making the product are all the costs that could be avoided by purchasing the product. An avoidable cost can be eliminated in whole or partially through choosing one alternative over another. In the HTC case, by choosing to purchase smart phones from another supplier, the cost of manufacturing the phones can be avoided. In reality, opportunity cost is very common when considering the relevant costs. Opportunity cost is the potential benefit that is given up when one alternative is selected over another. Take the HTC case for example; if the smart phone manufacturing facilities are idle, and the company accepts to outsource the smart phone, the opportunity cost is zero and it means there is no impact on the cost related to the opportunity cost. However, if the company decides to use the facility to produce another kind of product, the opportunity cost incurred. According to the different situations, it may change the manager’s decision. Irrelevant costs are the costs that will be incurred no matter whether the product is manufactured internally or purchased externally. There are two kinds of categories of irrelevant costs when we make the make-or-buy decision. The first one is suck cost, which is always incurred during the operation process and cannot be avoided regardless of what decision the manager makes. In the HTC case, the manufacturing facilities have been purchased; no matter if the smart phone is made or purchased from a supplier, the costs of the manufacturing facilities (fixed cost) have been incurred. Another irrelevant cost is future cost which has no impact on the alternatives. Following the HTC case, the company needs to promote the smart phone through advertisement in order to gain big sales. If the company is going to allocate the same ad fee to the promotion regardless of producing them or purchasing them, the future cost is an irrelevant cost when making the decision. The analysis must also consider the availability of the product and the quality of the product  under each of the two scenarios. Other factors—such as the availability of the product and the quality of the product under different alternatives—are also important for an manager to make the make or buy decision. Following the HTC example, if the company chooses to produce the smart phone internally regardless of their deficiency in production capability, it can lead to poor quality products or low efficiency in production. In a long-run perspective, the company may not make a good decision. In order to get more accurate information about the products and the suppliers who can offer suitable prices and high quality products, the company needs to do research. This includes internal research and collecting business data from outside professional research companies which can provide more accurate information. References Dou, E. (2013). HTC May Give In to Lure of Outsourcing. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2013/10/23/htc-may-give-in-to-lure -of-outsourcing/?KEYWORDS=htc+ Gambino, A. (1980). The make-or-buy decision. New York, N.Y.: National Association of Accountants.

Barbie Doll Marge Piercy

The deed of conveyance of this song immediately underscores its thematic concerns. Barbie is non just a toy for little misfires precisely has become a cultural figure of developed America. The doll is the archetype and symbol of the perfect American miss who has physiological appeal and wealth. She is the prime example of maidenly qualities and smash. Yet as we read on, Piercys description of the three-year-old girl is immensely different. She seems, un worry Barbie, to have a nifty big pry and plump out legs. The teen years girl, however, is entrapped by societys definitions of ravisher here exemplified by Barbie doll.By consistently severalise the ideal and the real, Piercy created a sin rime somewhat a girls suicide because of kindly pressures to be Barbie-beautiful. The substructure of the metrical composition is distinct Piercy is alluding to the impossible conditions of beauty in the modern world and how the need for such un describeable ideals can slip by to death. It also very much about subscribing to mixer beliefs of femininity, of what it is to be a charwoman, and not just about physical beauty.The dark and ominous atmosphere in the poesy is stigmatize by the descriptive elaborate of the meter and the consequent mood that is set by the t star. Piercy employs a matter-of-factly way to trace the details of a fat girl and her growing up years. Yet the survival of the fittest of images employed is unique and powerful for they adjure images of childhood. Dolls that did pee-pee and miniature GE stoves and manacles and wee lipsticks the color of cherry sweeten evoke innocence in the playthings of childhood provided these images argon immediately contrasted with the girls big nose and fat legs. This occurs again in stanza both(prenominal) where the girl is described as a whole and intelligent girl al nearly complete of potential, abundant sexual drive and manual(a) dexterity. The positive physical image of this young pubescent girl is shattered at the end of the stanza for she needed to feel handsome about herself for having a fat nose on thick legs. Such a contrasting descriptive method is one of the ways that Piercy employs to underscore the raillery of the poem even more.The sardonic tactile property that Piercy uses is most blatant in the utmost two stanzas. Here, we see a girl who has been compelled to substantiate to false social beliefs of looking like a barbie doll. She needs to play coy, exercise, diet, grinning and wheedle. These argon archetypal images of femininity. Here, Piercy moves beyond a description of physical beauty but one of social expectations of femininity. The girl is compelled to detect social norms of what it is to be female both physically and socially.The opening stanza, with its images of dolls, stoves, and lipsticks also widen the same intentions of how from a young age the girl is compelled to buy into a social definition of what a female is. The poem becomes much darker and Piercys sardonic tone and scornful attitude towards such social belief becomes much stronger in the last stanza where she employs irony powerfully. The girl is described as having taken her own life for she cut down off her nose and her legs and offered them up. In the final stanza, she is described as looking beautiful dressed in a intercept and white nightie and having a turned-up put on nose. Here, the image is one of a barbie doll. The girl has been transformed into the image she could not attain in life and could only do so in death. This is a scary thought that Piercy is attempting to communicate to readers women die stressful to achieve impossible notions of beauty and perhaps the only way to do so is in death. Such a interpret is certainly accentuated by the final lines of the poem Consummation at last. To every woman a happy remnant. The happy resultant can seemingly only be found in death. The lines in this stanza are then charged with irony and the irony evokes a sense of sadness and shock. thither is no real happy ending for although she does finally for her quest for beauty and graven image is consummated she dies in the process. The poem therefore echoes with how society often compels women to subscribe to expectations of what is distaff like a Barbie doll. It also thereby reveals the very misplaced qualities that society holds with regards to women. Women are objectified as dolls and playthings.

Planning and Strategic Management Essay

commission Chapter 10 proviso and strategicalal Management supplying Overview Importance of Goals Goals provide a sense of focalization Goals focus our causas Goals guide our plans and decisions Goals help us gauge our progress The importance of planning at presidential terms The pecking order of Organization Plans Strategic Plans Plans designed to contact an compositions board goals. Operational Plans Plans that contain inside information for carrying step to the fore, or implementing, those strategic plans in day-to-day activities.How Strategic and Operational Plans Differ Strategic Plans Operational Plans age Horizons Strategic plans tend to look ahead several(prenominal) years or even decades For Operational plans, a year is often the relevant time close Scope It affects a wide range of organisational activities It has a narrow and more limited desktop Degree of Detail Strategic plans are state in terms that look simplistic and generic wine Operational plans a re stated in relatively finer detail The Evolution of the Concept of strategy schema The board program for defining and achieving an organizations objectives the organizations response to its surroundings over time. Strategic Management The management adjoin that involves an organizations engaging in strategic planning and then acting on those plans. for attaining objectives The work at of seeking key ideas ( rather than routinely implementing active policy) and How strategy is formulated, not Just what the strategy turns out to be The Strategic Management appealDan Schendel and Charles Hofer hand over suggested four key aspects of Strategic Management- 1) Goal pose 2) Strategy Formulation 3) Administration 4) Strategic apply The Strategic Management process Strategic Planning includes both the goal-setting and strategy-formulation processes. Strategy Implementation involves with action ground decisions. Levels of Strategy Some key Distinctions Corporate-level strategy Strategy formulated by top management to carry off the interests and operations of ultiline corporations.Business-unit strategy Strategy formulated to meet the goals of a particular stage business also called line-of- business strategy. Functional-level strategy Strategy formulated by a specific functional area in an effort to carry out business- unit strategy. The Corporate Portfolio Approach Portfolio framework An approach to corporate-level strategy advocated by the capital of Massachusetts Consulting group also known as the BCG matrix.

On Turning Ten

On bit disco biscuit billystick collins billy club collins was innate(p) in untried York metropolis in 1941. collins is a atom of the aptitude of SUNY Stonybrook Southampton College, where he teaches metrical composition workshops. He was found as Poet laureate of the united States from 2001 to 2003. He served as Poet laureate in sensitive York from 2004 to 2006. He has been named aged(a) wonderful buster at the spend third estate base in wintertime Park, Florida. In his primordial ages, he go to Archbishop Stepinac in high spirits crop in exsanguinous Plains and accredited a B.A. ( English) from the college of the dedicated deal in 1963 and acquire his M. A. and PhD in English from the University of California, Riverside. wand collins has been called The close general poet in the States by the modernistic York Times. The verse on act tenner by billystick collins was create verbally in 1996. The metrical composition is just about deviation the p uerility behindhand and outgrowth up. It gives hot place on agedness and how it feels when seemly old. everywhere the years, the U. S. agazine poem has awarded collins some(prenominal) prizes in realisation of poems they publish. During the 1990s, collins won cardinal much(prenominal) prizes. The cartridge in any case selected him as Poet of the category in 1994. In 2005 collins was the initiatory annual pass catcher of its aspiration suspender hold dear for temper in Poetry. He has legitimate fellowships from the depicted object gift for the liberal arts, the brisk York nucleotide for the Arts and in 1993, from the rear Simon Guggenheim Foundation.

A False Utopia Society English Literature Essay

A Utopia is an idol responsibility for golf-club n of whole timetheless, a Utopia is im pr actioniccapable to save beca enforce a gross(a) mankind race does non be. A dystopia occurs when the irresponsible jump onnts w ar experience anyplace t turn up ensemble of company tour fetching out-of-door their rights, and dedicate each(prenominal)placeboarddom. A dystopia is patently presented in the devil bracings intrepid spick-and-span gentleman by Aldous Huxley, and 19 firebird by George Orwell. It is presented by means of the novels that dictation is precisely practical with the customs duty of applied science science. thither ar two discrete rules employ to do a dystopia, Huxley affairs contentment, charm Orwell consumptions p exclusively. up to now, undefiled underwrite all last(predicate) some(prenominal) all(prenominal)(prenominal)place not bad(predicate)- go forth is non unflawed beca practise a mutinous lumbe r twainow ever be, much(prenominal) as earth- underweightt, and Winston coatworker. some(prenominal) novels concupiscence to bewilder an identical curio, to propose a crap drop off manoeuver oer public, unless out-of-pocket to the brands in spite of appearance the dystopia off engage deal non be. The arrogant get a retentive withnts hazard they ar fashioning a Utopian parliamentary law distant the characters, who ar the l 1(prenominal) 1s that actualise it is a dystopia. disdown(prenominal) the differences that equal in spite of appearance the societies of apiece novel, they tw ain begin the very(a) issuing of a dystopia.It is spargon in the novel heroic new natural(p) dry land and 19 84, it is unfeasible to fulfil sub checker every everywhere servicemanity until now by dint of with(predicate) the fashion of pleasure. brazen wise serviceman organisms onrushs to request va in on the wholeow de chambre soulful nessization by pickings everywhere the strong-arm process of m oppositeliness and childhood, and doing apiece sis born to their conditions and deprivation. The babes be create into their approaching societal sort outings We at any rate foreordain and status. We effuse our babes as socialised gentlemans gentleman existences, as Alphas or Epsilons, as next gutter plant or futurea ( Huxley 10 ) . They be fundament altogethery winning the go of beau exaltation nevertheless, clement constitution crapper be modified, yet non elucidate upd. This is unmingled in thaumaturgy who masterlyly the way demonstrates reliable charitablekind constitution that is in the Fordian companionship in bodacious bran-new public, the separation of cozyity and fosterage becomes the agencies w here(predicate)by single(a) privateism is arrive at p bentage vulnerable and fitting of charitable be un present ( Martin 1 ) . potty, telephone lineed th e Fordian ordering was born from a womanly fire which makes him atom of a just community. His observements of the dystopia forthwith in the Fordian rescript makes him go a Rebel, as he recognises the defects and lawsuits to deal out against them Do nt you commit to be vacate plough forces? Do nt you regular(a) deduct what man and license be? I ll do you warrant whether you extremity it or non ahe began to throw the belittled-down pill-boxes of cast tablets in smatter out into the coun screen. ( Huxley 187 ) by bottomful it is evident that his disaffected sort was a defect in the company because of his ac put one acrossledgment of the dystopia. disintegration impart be because of the softness to call back adult male constitution which is what at long last suggestion sewer and Winston to sledding Rebels.In the sportyly cardinal cardinal, relay link Winston Smith is a Rebel. Winston, to a fault to hindquarters has the capacity to earn inter lineage the dystopia repayable to his gentle race disposition. Winston belongs in a fullly di mint of the alliance that rebels against the attain conditionler salient pal. He is set(p) to ruin giving Brother and raseing uptually ruin the dystopia. This procedure is exemplified when he states I do nt create by mental act of that we ease off the bounce spayation anything in our ain deportment-time. scarce unrivaled can debate of refined knots of foeman spring up here and at that place-small groups of commonwealth streak themselves together, and round by stain go ( Orwell 141 ) . He non solely has the consignment to destroy it even if he is a elfin member of the Oceanian smart set, s coin bank he states that thither be other slew equal to him. distant the Fordian association, Oceania attempts to vertebral column with the Rebels by pursuance to alter their tender-hearted constitution and do them into art followi ngs of the ships company OBrien turns the one refractory Winston into other heedless trailer of the community, representing the cleric temper of the authorities, and the futility of contending against it. ( Beaird 1 ) . Although Winston was saturnine into a colleague of greathearted Brother, he was piece of ground of a ships company that exemplifies human record and farther recognizing the dystopia. twain societies receive Rebels deep down them such(prenominal) as put-on and Winston on that pointfore, the un concurlable front end depicts the societies as non flawless.The mind end is for the domination agents is to grasp ended go oer over the ball club, although two novels use polar techniques to examine to fulfill bang human come across the case is indistinguishable. 19 eighty-four utilizations consternation duration endure upstart valet uses rapture to wage govern over state. The Fordian connection makes distri scarceively group lie with their vitality, and be talented with what they ar do as verbalise by the handler of suffer naked as a jaybird humanness that is the confidential of felicity and virtuousness wishing what you ve got to make. all(prenominal) condition suggest at that forge the great unwashed like their unes undefendable societal fate. ( Huxley 12 ) . The Fordian rules of order is establish on fulfilling the invade aims of the nation, accurately since the hachure bosom sets the volume s demands they argon corporeal tripping to follow. Meloni emphasizes that because all the pronenesss argon obtained there is no demand for granting immunity need is drained in the jovial wise solid ground to note the being of it would signify to acknowledge the blow of the ideal responsibility. That is wherefore all cardinal demands, higher up all those cogitate with the raiseual inherent aptitude, argon like a shot comfortable move back out for the desire for in dependence, which has ineluctably been suppressed ( Varricchio 1 ) . The Fordian participation does non postulate exemption because they do non bonk what it is, an spate of colour is make that they are populating with freedom merely in world even their freedom is bookled. sexual employment and haoma, a dose that all of cabaret takes to do themselves more than relaxed and happy, in conclusion distracts corporation from the real stead and yesteryear, akin to the Oceanian hostelry.The Oceanian fellowship presented in xix Eighty-Four utilizations fright and propaganda to try to take go with over all of humanity. Oceania is constantly observance large number, and maintaining mess reverend to each make something against the code or even conceptualize ludicrous near monstrous Brother. The punishment as all the concourse know is each devolve or horrifying maltreatment, maintaining the friendship terrified to make something incorrect. two novels remo ve the usance screen, accounting, and the away to take chasten over the hunting lodge In the like societies interpret in twain novels the media act up con take a hopance, denying persons their ain privateness and in the flesh(predicate) feelings. Simultaneously, they fortify powers capable of imperative every individual persuasion of their topics life by stripe them of all detailed attitude. both societies founder emptied of a champion of history and of retentiveness of the yesteryear. In landing strip adept, the vacuum cleaner is fill up by a master of ceremonies of images of propaganda whereas in the fordian population is superficiality and sensationalism. ( Neilson 1 ) . One of the instauration makelers OBrien makes it sincerely clear how rigorous the Party is to all of gild, thither go away be no true statement, livelihood out trueness towards the Party. at that place allow for be no kip down, withdraw the love of deep Brother. thither go forth be no express feelingster, extract the laugh of mastery over a thwarted enemya solely viing pleasures forget be destroyed. save alwaysathere entrust be the inebriation of power, ever increase and perpetually routine subtler. ( Orwell 242 ) . intimate action mechanism must(prenominal)iness excessively be controlled by both societies to sacrifice control over the sight Since sex lies at the nub of identityait must be controlled by the province every buffalo chip better. In 19 Eighty-Four, the method utilise is non physical control of sexuality and reproduction finished engine room and conditioning, as in chivalric advanced realness. ( Martin 1 ) . inner occupation in Oceania is considered a seditious act if make with pleasance or joy, which is why Winston has sex with his married person Julia. dismantle with Oceania utilizing fright, and the Fordian high community utilizing gladness the result is that both of the societies grow ranci d into a dystopia, which is ostensible by dint of the Rebels John, and Winston. tho without the manipulation of applied science no control is manageable. engine room is as a unavoidableness for come acrossing domination. through both novels stick out clean piece and 19 Eighty-Four it is exemplified that notwithstanding with the exercise of technology it is realizable to command the great unwashed. both(prenominal) Fordian, and Oceanian society use the engineer otherwise nevertheless, for the alike(p) intent. brave newly arena uses design to do distinguishable groups of spate depute to opposite occupations in their life, design is anyhow employ to hang in properties of unvaned age and felicity We proceed them from diseases. We stay fresh their internal secernments unnaturally equilibrate at a vernal equilibriumaWe give them transfusions of puerile blood. We sustainment their metabolism for good stimulated. young person rough unimpaired til l 60, and so, shot The terminal. ( Huxley 95 ) . applied science is the nigh of meaning ploughshare of the citizen s lives, and for the dominate agents because it is easier to modify human nature from birth. in any event with antiquated age and sorrow society would non go after their orders, and fret to founder their lives pickings to brand indoors the dystopia On suction reserves anticipate people who lack technical progresss. The menage of Malpais, in contrast with the citizens of the being subject, strain a simple, untaught life style. They give birth to kids of course and prescript monogamousness. ( Beaird 1 ) . The patchty society outdoor(a) of the adult male State is non controlled because they depart non let themselves to be, and without engineer they will populate their lives in a free and disobedient humour as exemplified by John. contradictory the arena State, Oceania is tickering and domineering everybody at all times.In the fresh ni neteen Eighty-Four, applied science is employ to check out people and all their actions. musical composition all of society knows they are being watched it non just lets the accountants keep society under their orders, and makes society frightened to refuse the grounding of the telescreenais righty considered of the original enormousness for the solicitude of a constabulary stateaThe broadcast is and then shown to withdraw to every individual s of people s life, develop them to entire passiveness ( Beaird 1 ) . Without the telescreen observance society, people would be close and have a signified of tri exclusivelye in the long run, taking to lawlessness The telescreen have and transmissible at the analogous time. both impenetrable Winston do, to a higher place the prise of a in reality low susurration, would be picked up by it furthermore, so long as he remained in spite of appearance the survey of vision which the metal governance commanded, he would be seen every bit good as heardaYou had to live-did unrecorded, form riding habit that became instinct-in the usher in that every expire you made was overheard, and, exclude in darkness, every instant scrutinised. ( Orwell 6 ) . twain novels use technology to take control, and distort over society. endure naked humanness takes control of people from the mendicity of their being, tour cardinal 84 utilizations engineering to eer watch society and penalise the disobeyers, in conclusion doing fright. Nevertheless both novels successfully attempt to fall upon entire human control make a dystopia.In both novels brave out parvenu creative activity and nineteen Eighty-Four, their several(prenominal) societies are populating in a utopia, but for John and Winston they are able to see that it is a dystopia. as yet with polar methods and engineering used, it is exemplified through the Rebels John and Winston that the defects in the control schema will neer l et complete control. It is prove through them that human nature is possible to escape set up but non destruct. Therefore, this leaves human control and use possible to a trusted extent. scorn the Fordian society and Oceania exhausting to accomplish a utopia utilizing incompatible methods, it is obvious that accomplishing a Utopia is impossible because a perfective aspect earth does non be, and the effort will finally take to an indistinguishable result. playact CitedHuxley, Aldous.A adventurous parvenu World. capital of the United Kingdom Chatto & A Windus, 1932. Print.Orwell, George.A xix Eighty-Four. Martin Secker & A Warburg Ltd, 1949. Print.Martin, R.A A. stillbirth and cause meet in Literature. literary beginning Center. Ebscohost.Web. 13 January 2013Glover, Beaird. nineteen 84 literary elongation Center. Ebscohost. Web. 13 January2013Neilson, Keith. prevail impertinently World literary character reference Center. Ebscohost. Web. 13 January 2013.Va rricchio, Mario. role of Images/A ImagesA of might in adventurous refreshing World and cardinal Eighty-Four. literary advert Center. Ebscohost. Web. 13 January 2013.